An air/gas embolism occurs when bubbles enter the bloodstream and block blood flow, potentially causing serious complications or death. This medical emergency can arise from various causes. Surgical procedures involving heart-lung machines, cardiopulmonary bypass, or the insertion of intravenous catheters may introduce air into the vascular system. Traumatic injuries, particularly those from explosions or diving accidents, can force air into damaged blood vessels. Invasive medical procedures such as central venous catheter placement or angiography also present risks for air embolism formation. Additionally, diagnostic tests including bronchoscopy and lung biopsy carry some risk, as does accidental needle puncture of a vein or artery during medical interventions or intravenous drug use.
